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2014年1月SAT填空真題解析

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Section 2

1. Jim was so opposed to any type of change that he ------- even the most beneficial of -------.

A. blamed......customs

B. presented.......inventions

C. welcomed.......reforms

D. anticipated.......results

E. resisted.......improvements

解析: so....that的因果關(guān)系,所以前后同義,第一空應(yīng)與oppose(反對(duì))同義,第二空是beneficial of...應(yīng)為正向詞,故E最合適。

翻譯:Jim 反對(duì)任何形式的改變,甚至是最有助于提高的(改變也反對(duì))。

2. Eager to enlist as a soldier during the American Revolution, Deborah Sampson Gannett successfully------- the military’s gender boundary by donning men’s clothing and ------ a male identity.

A. delineated........flaunting

B. circumvented........assuming

C. reinstated.......mimicking

D. denounced......inventing

E. skirted........disguising

解析: 從前半句可知,為了要參軍,D這個(gè)人成功的怎么樣了性別界限,說(shuō)明這人是個(gè)女的,所以規(guī)避這組詞可選,故第一空B,E正確,第二空,她通過(guò)穿上男人的衣服并且要裝得像男人,所以排除了disguise(掩飾)。assume 這個(gè)詞作動(dòng)詞時(shí)可翻譯為“裝,做作”等意思=affect=act。所以正確答案為B

翻譯:Deborah很想注冊(cè)入伍,她通過(guò)穿上男人衣服裝扮男性,成功地規(guī)避了軍隊(duì)的性別界限。

3. For a cycling tourist, -------is paramount: situation inevitably arise that require a cyclist to be alert and keen witted.

A. deference

B. perseverance

C. munificence

D. alacrity

E. vigilance

解析:冒號(hào)解釋題,線索為alert and keen witted。故答案為E。

翻譯:對(duì)于一個(gè)騎車的旅行者,警惕是至關(guān)重要的:這種情況要求車手要機(jī)警。

4. The problem of soil degradation is -------: few, if any, agriculturally important regions are unaffected by it.

A. recent

B. modest

C. subtle

D. global

E. finished

解析:冒號(hào)解釋題,線索為冒號(hào)后:幾乎沒(méi)有地區(qū)沒(méi)被影響,所以土地惡化波及很廣,故選D。

翻譯:土地惡化問(wèn)題波及甚廣,幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)以農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為主的地區(qū)沒(méi)有受到影響。

5. Lauren was often labeled easygoing because she tended to appear mild and ------ rather than tense and -------.

A. sullen......serious

B. relaxed......excitable

C. joyful.....intelligent

D. slow......patient

E. likable......humorous

解析:并列關(guān)系題,第一空為mild同義詞,第二空為tense同義詞,或easygoing反義詞。兩空的邏輯方向也是反的,故答案為A。

翻譯:人們都知道Lauren很隨和,因?yàn)樗矚g顯得溫和而輕松而不是很緊繃而易激動(dòng)。

6. The poet’s publisher cautioned her against overusing -------language, but the poet preferred the lively, informal dialect of her hometown.

A. vernacular

B. superannuated

C. bombastic

D. austere

E. erudite

解析:轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,詩(shī)人喜歡用生動(dòng)和非正式的方言,而出版商警告他不要過(guò)多運(yùn)用什么,故答案為A。 Superannuated之前SAT考試中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò),大家把這個(gè)詞放到“過(guò)時(shí)的”意群里去。從詞根中我們也可看出super-:over; -ann-:year。

翻譯:出版商警告詩(shī)人不要過(guò)多運(yùn)用方言,但是詩(shī)人喜歡用自己家鄉(xiāng)生動(dòng)的、不那么正式的家鄉(xiāng)話。

7. Essayist Michel de Montaigne cultivated a contemplative prose style that seems to meander with his thoughts, thereby making his essays------- and filled with ------.

A. digressive.......tangents

B. cursory.......ephemera

C. convoluted......jargon

D. frenetic......platitudes

E. aimless.......polemic

解析:因果關(guān)系題,thereby為邏輯線索詞。本題的題眼在meander with his thoughts,即與他的思想偏離的,所以他的文章是怎么樣的,故答案為A。

翻譯:散文家Michel de Montaigne采用一種看似與他想法背離的冥想的散文方式來(lái)寫作,因此讓他的散文跑題并包含很多不切題的部分。

8. The book was aptly described as------- because it was instrumental in advancing knowledge about its subject.

A. seminal

B. recondite

C. beguiling

D. incendiary

E. inchoate

解析:因果關(guān)系題,空格后說(shuō)明原因是推進(jìn)此學(xué)科知識(shí)的工具書(shū),因此答案為A。Seminal這個(gè)詞之前在SAT填空部分沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò),但如果大家詞根掌握的很好就知道這個(gè)詞與disseminate有關(guān),dis-semin-ate:dis-表示分散,-semin-為種子的意思。所以seminal理解為未來(lái)發(fā)展及推進(jìn)的種子,種子就要傳播生長(zhǎng),故可譯為“有開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的”。

翻譯:這本書(shū)可以被恰當(dāng)?shù)拿枋鰹?像種子般)有開(kāi)創(chuàng)性,因?yàn)樗峭茝V該學(xué)科知識(shí)的指導(dǎo)書(shū)。

Section 6

1. It was ------- of the hikers to head out their journey into the wilderness without enough supplies or practical survival experience.

A. dishonest

B. reckless

C. petty

D. cunning

E. thrifty

解析:沒(méi)有充足供給和生存知識(shí)的遠(yuǎn)足者如果進(jìn)入荒野將會(huì)是怎么樣的,故答案為B。

翻譯:遠(yuǎn)足者在沒(méi)有充足供給和實(shí)際生存知識(shí)的情況下進(jìn)入荒野是魯莽的,不計(jì)后果的。

2. Although daydreaming is generally seen as counterproductive, it can be surprisingly-------, even helping us make progress toward long-term goals.

A. distracting

B. infrequent

C. difficult

D. useful

E. simple

解析:解釋題,空格后為此題線索,helping 的同義詞為useful,答案為D。

翻譯:盡管白日夢(mèng)被視為是適得其反的,但它可以是驚人的有用,甚至可以幫助我們朝著長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。

3. Some health professionals believe that ------- can be --------by limiting caloric intake: put simply , if you eat moderately, you may live longer.

A. stamina...... impaired

B. Endurance.......alleviated

C. immortality.......averted

D. longevity........promoted

E. maturity........established

解析:冒號(hào)解釋或目的題,1. by 通過(guò)限制卡路里的攝入;2. 冒號(hào)后解釋“吃的少,活的長(zhǎng)”。 所以看到live longer,第一空基本可以確定了,故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

翻譯:一些健康專家認(rèn)為壽命可以通過(guò)限制卡路里的攝入來(lái)提高:簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)說(shuō)就是吃的少,活的長(zhǎng)。

4. Stinkbugs, as their name suggests, are capable of secreting a -------- chemical to ward off predators.

A. malignant

B. debilitating

C. malodorous

D. fragmentary

E. phosphorescent

解析:SAT中的典型題目:名字題。當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)書(shū)名,地名或Nickname并題目讓你注意這些名字時(shí)(as their name suggests),名字即為線索。Stinkbug臭蟲(chóng),stink為惡臭的意思,故答案為C。可通過(guò)詞根mal+odor來(lái)分析此詞。E選項(xiàng)是新考詞匯,意思是“發(fā)磷光的”

通過(guò)詞根也可看出“-phos-=-phot-:光”,-phor- means “to carry”,所以這個(gè)詞基本意思為“to carry light”,帶著光的(尤指夜光)。

翻譯:臭蟲(chóng),正如它的名字所指,可以分泌出一種惡臭的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)抵御捕食者。

5. Mae West bold disregard for popular conventions and norms during her film career earned her reputation for --------.

A. tenaciousness

B. audacity

C. voraciousness

D. amiability

E. complacency

解析:題干說(shuō)M這個(gè)人通過(guò)什么獲得的...名譽(yù),所以前面的bold是線索詞。答案選Bold同義詞B選項(xiàng)。

翻譯:Mae West在她的電影生涯中大膽地?zé)o視了流行的傳統(tǒng)觀念,幫助她贏得了膽大的稱呼。

Section 8

1. As a child, anthropologist Mireya Mayor was expected to practice piano regularly, a most ------- task for someone who preferred to play outdoors.

A. galvanizing

B. grueling

C. embarrassing

D. diverting

E. ingratiating

解析:題干說(shuō)對(duì)于喜歡在戶外活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō),定期練習(xí)鋼琴是一件什么任務(wù),閑不住的人當(dāng)然覺(jué)得練習(xí)很累了,所以空格選負(fù)向詞grueling“繁重而累人的”。故答案為B。

翻譯:還是一個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,人類學(xué)家Mireya Mayor被期望能在家里定期練習(xí)鋼琴,這對(duì)一個(gè)喜歡戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)繁重而累人的任務(wù)。

2. The immersion of young people of the Hmong American communities into mainstream society and politics has caused a -------- of leadership roles, with the traditional preeminence of the elders increasingly------- by new ideas.

A. disappearance.......buoyed

B. shifting........challenged

C. vanishing........manifested

D. transformation........detailed

E. stagnation........curtailed

解析:此題從第二空突破比較簡(jiǎn)單,傳統(tǒng)的老年位高權(quán)重會(huì)被新思想怎么樣,所以第二空一定是負(fù)向的“挑戰(zhàn)”之類的詞,再看第一空shifting轉(zhuǎn)變很合適,故答案為B。

翻譯:年輕人融入主流社會(huì)及政壇導(dǎo)致了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,傳統(tǒng)的老年人位高權(quán)重的情況將被新思潮挑戰(zhàn)。

3. Seymour worked with--------, almost crushing thoroughness: every step of the complex project was carried out with unremitting-------.

A. exhaustive........exactitude

B. impromptu.......documentation

C. astounding.......simulation

D. profound......evasion

E. informal.......perfectionism

解析:第一空解釋,線索詞為后面的thoroughness,故從第一空就能看出為A。Exhaustive為詳盡的。因?yàn)樵敱M,所以第二空選精確。

翻譯:Seymour工作很細(xì)致詳盡,詳盡到了把一件事情掰開(kāi)了揉碎了(crushing)分析:一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜項(xiàng)目的每一步都執(zhí)行的精確無(wú)誤。

4. In 1972, a leading American university offered two courses in Black studies; in 1985 it offered 21 such courses, a change exemplifying the -------of minority studies since 1970s.

A. rarity

B. convergence

C. incredulity

D. prognostication

E. proliferation

解析:此題exemplify證明前后同義,前面的兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的變化2到21說(shuō)明了答案應(yīng)該為:E。

翻譯:1972年美國(guó)頂尖大學(xué)提供兩個(gè)黑人研究的課程;1985年課程擴(kuò)大到了21個(gè),這個(gè)變化說(shuō)明了少數(shù)群體的研究自從70年代增長(zhǎng)了。

5. Some feminist theorists believe that patriarchy is -------- reality rather than a permanent state.

A. a transitory

B. a perpetual

C. an immutable

D. an idealistic

E. an intemperate

解析:對(duì)比關(guān)系,rather than 前后要選反義詞,故空格應(yīng)選permanent的反義詞,答案為A。

翻譯:一些女權(quán)主義理論家認(rèn)為,男性掌權(quán)是一個(gè)短暫的事實(shí)而不是一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)的狀態(tài)。

6. Although a few biologist have ------ some mind flaws in this method of classifying specimens, it nevertheless an -------- procedure to follow.

A. spurned.......untenable

B. expunged.......infallible

C. lamented.......efficacious

D. rectified........indubitable

E. accentuated.......erroneous

解析:轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系題,第一空選動(dòng)詞,賓語(yǔ)為mind flaws(思維錯(cuò)誤)所以動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是負(fù)向這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,后面轉(zhuǎn)折,不管怎樣這個(gè)方法是個(gè)什么樣的步驟,應(yīng)該是個(gè)正向形容詞,所以B,C,D 都可以選,但B,D兩個(gè)詞的意思是“準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤的,完全沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的”跟前面flaw矛盾,故答案為C。

翻譯:盡管少數(shù)生物學(xué)家痛惜這種物種分類方法中的思維錯(cuò)誤,但不管怎樣它的步驟是有效的。

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