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第三章

1. astronomer: n 天文學家;astronomy: n 天文學

2.explode: v 爆炸,由此聯想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸藥;explosion: n 爆炸

1). When the bomb______, many people were seriously wounded.

2). The unexpected ________ frightened the little girl.

3). It might be possible to convert _____ energy into heat.

Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive

3. density: n 密度;聯想產生：dense: a 密度大的，反義詞：sparse;

densely: ad高密度地;densely-populated人口稠密的;sparsely-populated人口稀疏的

1). The ____ fog kept the travelers from finding the correct direction.

2). The business area of the city is _____ populated.

3). This liquid has a much greater ____ than water.

Answers: dense, densely, density

4. shrink: v 收縮、退縮、縮水

1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a child's size.

2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.

5. measurement: n 衡量、測量;

由此聯想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、測量;measurable: a 可衡量的，可測量的

1). We must take _____ to protect our environment.

2). We have come within ______ distance of success.

3). Clocks give us a ______ of time.

4). There the rainfall is ______ not in inches but in feet.

Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured

6.implication: n 含義、暗示;imply: v 暗示

7. basis: n 基礎、根據，

由此可以聯想得到：base: n 底部;v 以…為底，為根據;basic: a 基礎的，根本的;

basically: ad 根本上來說,

1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid ______.

2). The furniture of out dorm is really _____: two beds, two chairs and tables.

3). The charges are false for they are not ______ on proven facts.

4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the ____ workable one.

Answers: basis, basic, based, basically

8. observatory: n 天文臺;由此可以聯想得到：

observe: v 觀察;observation: n 觀察;observer: n 觀察家

9. convincing: a 有說服力的，使人信服的;convince: v 使人信服;convinced: a 感到有說服力的，常見搭配：convince sb of sth; convince sb that

1). He gave us a convincing speech.

2). He convinced me f his sincerity.

10. operate: v 運轉、操作、動手術;operation : n 手術，操作;operator: 操作者

11. research into對…進行研究

She is researching into possible cures for AIDS.

12. swallow up: 吞沒、耗盡

Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.

13. apply to sb/sth：適用于某人/某事，請對比：

apply to sb for sth向某人申請某事;apply A to B將A 應用于B

1). You should apply what you have learned to your work.

2). I applied to him for a new job.

3). The study method doesn't apply to everyone

Analyze the important sentences among the text

1. Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.(p1)

譯：哦，這個問題很難回答，因為我們通常用來描述一種科學現象的現有術語在這里不夠用。

句子分析：it是形式主語，to answer this question是句子主語;since引導原因狀語從句，we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon是定語從句，修飾terms; inadequate: 不充分的，不合格的。

2. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape---not even light. (p1)

譯：天文學家和科學家認為黑洞是一個空間區域，而不是一個物體，物質會掉進黑洞而沒有物體可以從中逃脫出來，即使是光也不行。

句子分析：into which和from which引導兩個定語從句，介詞：into和fall搭配;from 和escape搭配。這種介詞+which的定語從句的形式請多注意。

3. The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. (p2)

譯：(關于黑洞形成的)理論就是一些星球的密度增長到某個特定的點就會爆炸。

句子分析：這是一個主系表結構句。that用來引導表語從句，不可省略。其中又包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句。to a particular point是達到某一個特定的點的含義。

4. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. (p2)

譯：但如果星球很大(比我們的太陽還要大得多)，其收縮過程可能很劇烈，以致于產生了黑洞。

句子分析：這是一個if引導的條件狀語從句，so…that表示如此…以致，是結果狀語從句。

如：I'm so tired that I can even sleep on my way home.

5. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. (p2)

譯：假想一下地球收縮到彈球兒那么大，但仍具有同樣的質量和更強的吸引力，你就會對黑洞的力量又某種概念。

句子分析：該句的主要結構為imagine….and you ……事實上相當于if you imagine…, you will have some idea….. 這種句子結構在歷年的考試中曾出現過。請記住：祈使句+ and + 陳述句= if引導的條件狀語從句。如：Hurry up and you can catch the last train!

另外，該句還有兩個定語成分reduced to the size of a marble和having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull用來修飾the earth.前者為過去分詞，而后者為現在分詞。詞組：

have some idea of sth對…有所了解

6. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. (p3line13--14)

譯：只是近來科學家才開始對黑洞進行具體的研究。

句子分析：本句的核心結構為it is…that的強調句型，強調時間狀語only recently。詞組：research into sth對…進行研究。

7. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. (p4)

譯：有關黑洞最有說服力的證據來自對雙星體系的研究。

句子分析：該句主語evidence，謂語comes from;賓語research into binary star systems。

The most convincing是定語，修飾evidence.其中請注意convincing:令人信服的，通常修飾物的形容詞多以-ing結尾;而修飾人的多以-ed結尾。如：

I feel excited after hearing the surprising news.

8. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. (p4)

譯：我們所看到的星球的物質正在被吸引到伴星去。

句子分析：主語matter; 謂語is being pulled，這是一個進行被動語態;towards the companion star介詞賓語;from the one which we can see定語。

9. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. (p5line4--6)

譯：另一方面，科學家也提出有一天高科技會利用黑洞的力量為人類服務。

句子分析：請注意在本句中suggest不是建議的含義，是指出、指明的意思。advanced高級的、先進的;make use of sth利用…，該詞組可以拓展成：make good use of 好好加以利用;make full use of充分加以利用。

10. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of apace and time.(p5)

譯：他們展示給我們一個不同于我們自己的世界運行方式的世界，并對我們最基本的時空經驗提出了質疑。

句子分析：這個句子復雜在于：從which引導的很長的定語從句，特別注意;operate：v 操作;in a way以某種方式;be different from同…不同;question: v 質疑，詢問。

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