Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more __1__ to go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the __2__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.

The study shows a clear link __3__ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for __4__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a __5__ in the results for the IQ test，and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung __6__ and that your brain gets plenty of __7__ ，” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons __8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular __9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. ”

By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been __10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a __11__ IQ.

“We have also shown that those youngsters who __12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case6, physical __13__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests __14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in __15__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

注釋：

1.IQ:智商。IQ 是intelligence quotient 的縮寫。

2.reveals a major new study：一項主要的新研究顯示。這是一個倒裝句，主語是a major new study，謂語是reveals。第三段出現的“says Michael Nilsson”和第五段出現的“says Maria Aberg”也是同一類型的倒裝句。

3.Sahlgrenska Academy：瑞典哥德堡大學健康科學研究院

4.the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)：美國國家科學院學報

5 But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test：“it is…that”是強調式句子結構，被強調的部分是only fitness。強調前的句子是But only fitness plays a role in the results for the IQ test.” 。第四段中出現的“it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness... ”也屬強調式句子結構。

6.This being the case:倘若情況果真如此，因此

7.must:用作名詞，意思是“必須”。

8.national service:兵役，國民服役

練習：

1. A. carefully. B. secretly. C. likely. D. happily

2. A. answers. B. works. C. scores. D. results

3. A. behind. B. between. C. among. D. without

4. A. logical. B. critical. C. typical. D. positive

5. A. place. B. game. C. role. D. trick

6. A. capacity. B. disease. C. shape. D. treatment

7. A. change. B. hydrogen. C. oxygen. D. memory

8. A. what. B. why. C. how. D. where

9. A. exercise. B. training. C. strength. D. movement

10. A. able. B. clever. C. lucky. D. clear

11. A. moderate. B. average. C. lower. D. higher

12. A. ignore. B. improve. C. like. D. determine

13. A. examination. B. labor. C. movement. D. education

14. A. before. B. after. C. without. D. during

15. A. marriage. B. life. C. residence. D. service

答案與題解：

1.C本文第一句就將主題和盤托出:Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ (身體健康的年輕人智商也高）。根據此論斷可以推斷，智商高的人進入大學學習的可能性也高。讀完全文便可知這個推斷是對的。所以，本題的答案只能是likely。

2.D第二段第二句說明，該項研究的樣本是1950—1976年之間入伍的120萬新兵。新兵們報到時接受了體格測試和智商測試。研究人員對這兩類測試的數據進行了分析。四個選項只有results符合這層意思。answers (答案）、works (作品）、scores(分數)都不合適。

3.B上文多次論及身體健康與智商之間的關系。本句又重述兩者的聯系。四個選項中有個between，答案非它莫屬。among是“在……之中”，數量超過2個人或2件事時才用among。本句只說兩者的關系，所以不能選among。選項behind和without的意思與上下文搭配不上。

4.A填詞所在的句子的意思是，身體健康與某種思維和語言理解能力有關。某種思維是哪一種思維呢?我們可能會想到科學思維、邏輯思維、抽象思維等等。一查四個選項，發現有logical,它就是答案了。其他三個選項critical (臨界的，評論的）、typical (典型的）和positive(正面的）與上下文的意思相去甚遠,不會是答案。

5.C play a role是固定詞組,填入所在句子后；上下文的意思連貫，所以是答案。play a place 沒有這種搭配。play a game (玩游戲）和play a trick (惡作劇)與上下文的意思搭不上。

6.A 由于“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung…” 說的是，健康意味著心肺功能好，所以選項disease(疾病)和treatment(治療）可以排除，而good heart and lung后接shape(形狀），意思是“好的心肺形狀”，這與健康的關系也遠了一些。本題只有capacity (能力)才是答案。

7.C如前所述，身體健康意味著心肺好，這與大腦有什么關系呢？常識告訴我們，呼吸順暢，通過肺部進入血液的氧氣也多;心功能良好，就能有效地將帶有氧氣的新鮮血液源源不斷地輸送到大腦，大腦就能活躍地工作。所以，選項oxygen是答案。

8.B reason(s)后面的定語從句中的關系副詞要用why。

9.C第三段第二句給本題的答案提供了線索:“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. (是健康，而不是力量，對智商測試的結果起了作用）”。本題的句子重復了上述論斷，所以，缺失的詞應該是strength。這一次作者把strength說得更清楚,指的是muscular strength (肌肉力量）。本題的答案C。

10.A本句的意思是，研究人員分析雙胞胎智商上的差異來說明智商差異不會來自基因，因為雙胞胎的基因是相同的;智商差異來自后天的環境因素。填入本句最適合的詞是able。clever, lucky和dear都不合適，因為研究人員只有通過分析數據才能夠得出結論,而不是靠幸運、聰明等。

11.D文章反復論述，一個人身體健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness (健壯體魄），后面出現的是IQ，修飾它的形容詞就一定是higher。

12.B根據全文的主要論點進行判斷，本題的句子表達的意思一定是增強體質與提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的動詞的詞義一定與提高和改善認知能力（cognitive performance)有關。根據這一推論，入選的選項只有improve。

13.D 研究一下句子“This being the case, physical is a subject... ”，就知道physical 加上要填人空格中的詞應該是一門學科(subject) 士名稱。四個選項中，只有physical education (體育)是門學科，所以，答案是D。

14.D第二段曾說到新兵報到入伍時，接受了體格測試，本題的句子用的是復數形式的tests, 說明他們在服兵役期間可能接受多次體格檢查，所以要選during (national service)，而before、after、without都與上述意思不配合。

15.B研究人員將新兵報到入伍時體格測試和智商測試的結果和他們后來的社會經濟地位進行了比較。比較的是哪方面的社會經濟地位呢？最合理的選擇是later in life (后來的生活中）。而later in marriage (后來的婚姻中）、later in residence (后來的居住中）或later in service (后來的服務中）與社會經濟地位搭配，顯得十分勉強，所以不會是答案。

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