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介詞 + which (whom)
先看兩個句子:
This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.
變?yōu)椤ㄕZ從句
This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.
上述句子中,先行詞在從句中充當介詞賓語,形成"介詞 + which / whom"的形式,考試時要求作出1)要不要介詞;2)若要,使用什么介詞的判斷。由于英語中介詞搭配多為習慣用法,沒有多少規(guī)律可循,因此這是定語從句考試的一個難點。
記住四個字:瞻前顧后
瞻前:先看看先行詞一般與什么介詞搭配,例如:
There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.
→ Joking is not permissible _____ (certain) occasions.
常與occasion搭配的介詞是什么?on,即:
Joking is not permissible on (certain) occasions. (有的場合是不容許開玩笑的。)
↓
There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.
顧后:看看謂語動詞常與什么介詞搭配,例如:
This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.
→ I paid a lot of money ______ this car.
Pay (money) for something 是一個固定的搭配,因此應填介詞 "for"
當A、B、C、D中出現(xiàn) " 介詞 + which / whom" 選項時,而你又確實看不懂時,應傾向于選擇" 介詞 + which / whom"的形式,例如:
The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.
A. that
B. which
C. with which
D. of which
傾向選擇C、D;正確答案D,"be made of "(由…組成):
The two elements are gases (oxygen and hydrogen).
Water is made of the two elements.
兩個句子一合并,便是該句選擇。
(四)其他應注意的確問題:
(1) 同位語從句只能用"that"連接
常見的同位語先行詞有:fact(事實), possibility(可能), idea(想法), belief(相信), doubt(疑問), news(消息), order(命令), promise(承諾), evidence(證據(jù)), suggestion(建議)等,例如:
Is there any possibility that all the villagers can send their children to school?(有沒有這種可能,所有村民都能送他們的孩子上學?)
There can be no doubt that he is a qualified doctor.(毫無疑問,他是個合格的醫(yī)生。)
(2) "as" 也可以做關系代詞用于連接定語從句,特別是在"such…as…", "the same as…" 以及"正如…"的結構中,例如:
I have never seen a thing as he described. (我從未見過他所描述的那種事。)
As was expected, the performance was a great success. (正如所料,演出獲得了巨大成功。)
把該句理解為:The performance was a great success, which was expected,就比較容易理解as的這種用法。
將定語從句的連接用三句話歸納一下:
↗ 人用who / whom
(1)先行詞在從句中當主、賓、表語 →定語用whose
↘ 物用that (= which)/ 非限制用which
↗地點狀語用:where
(2)先行詞在從句中當 →原因狀語(reason)用:why
↘ 時間狀語用:when
(3)介詞 + which / whom結構:瞻前顧后
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(責任編輯:vstara)