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2015年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類語法輔導(dǎo):句型語序技巧6

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【導(dǎo)讀】本文是由中大職稱英語考試網(wǎng)編輯整理的職稱英語相關(guān)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容,更多免費(fèi)精選職稱英語輔導(dǎo)資料盡在中大職稱英語考試網(wǎng),敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注!

當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, guess, expect, imagine, suppose等時(shí),如果賓語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu),通常把主句謂語動(dòng)詞改為否定式,而將賓語從句改為肯定式,這種現(xiàn)象叫做“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。

I don’t think we two have met before.

We don’t believe that he could finish his work in such a short time.

She doesn’t think it is right for John to come late to school.

三、表語從句 (The Predicative Clause):通常置于主句的系動(dòng)詞之后,說明主句主語的情況。

My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday.

Is that why you had a few days off?

It is because I have never heard of the story.

四、同位語從句 (The Appositive Clause):常置于某些名詞之后,對(duì)其內(nèi)容作解釋或補(bǔ)充說明。如:

advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

There is no doubt that he is the best player in their country.

同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:

同位語從句對(duì)所修飾詞作補(bǔ)充說明,而定語從句對(duì)前面名詞起限定作用;

that在同位語從句中只起引導(dǎo)作用,無詞義,無語法成分,而在定語從句中指代所修飾詞并在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較:The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. (同位語從句)

The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. (定語從句)

c. 狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)

狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語,修飾主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)句子的含義,它可表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、行為方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句通常由一個(gè)連詞引起,有時(shí)由一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引起。

一.時(shí)間狀語從句

I) when,while和as

He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.

when 通常指一時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可表示從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或先于主句動(dòng)作;while常用來引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)時(shí)間較長的動(dòng)作;as常用來引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一時(shí)間”或“一前一后”。

When I meet the right chance, I will try my best.

While the teacher explained the text, the students listened attentively and took notes

He sang songs as he was taking a bath.

As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

注:when有時(shí)作并列連詞意為“正在這時(shí)”、“突然”,在句末,不能位于句首。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí),主句通常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)或be about to結(jié)構(gòu)等。

She was about to leave when Mark arrived so she stayed a little longer.

He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.

Ⅱ) as soon as, hardly (scarcely, barely) … when… , no sooner …than… 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“ 一… 就 …”

Jack had scarcely /hardly seen me when he left the room.

The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.

那個(gè)間諜一踏進(jìn)國門就奉命要去他國。

注: 在no sooner … than, hardly … when …引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 放在句首,則要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

No sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.

Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.

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