【導讀】本文是由中大職稱英語考試網編輯整理的職稱英語相關復習內容,更多免費精選職稱英語輔導資料盡在中大職稱英語考試網,敬請關注!
二、名詞的數:
重點應了解和掌握以下內容:
1、名詞的可數和不可數:
與漢語不同,英語中名詞要區分可數與不可數。
籠統地講,物質名詞,如:water(水), iron(鐵), wood(木頭)等, 和抽象名詞,如:democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等為不可數。
不可數名詞前不能加a (an),后面不能加s (es),這是考試中對此類題目判斷的重要依據。
2、以下名詞為不可數名詞:
news(消息) information(信息)
furniture (家具) equipment(設備)
advice (勸告) weather(天氣)
work*(工作) clothing(衣服)
baggage(行李)
work作 "工作" 解釋時為不可數名詞,"找工作"不能說to find a work, 應為to find a job; work作"著作"、"作品"解時是可數名詞,如:Deng Xiaopin's works (鄧小平著作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件關于鄧小平的作品);作 "工廠" 解釋時,單復數同形:a steel works (一個鋼鐵廠) / two chemical works(兩家化工廠)
實例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A. haven't many furnitures
B. aren't many furnitures
C. hasn't much furniture
D. isn't enough furniture
解題思路:根據名詞數的概念A、B肯定錯,不必考慮;C、D的主要差異是"hasn't"與 "isn't", 句子中有there,說明該句是there be句型,故正確答案為D.題中staff, office 等詞與解題無關。
注意辨別句子中斜體詞的數及其意義:
There is still much room for improvement. (仍有許多改進的余地)
He has published two important papers on this subject. (他在這個課題上已發表了兩篇重要論文。)
3、以下名詞單復數同形:
means(手段) headquarters(司令部)
works(工廠) species(物種)
aircraft(飛機) Chinese(中國人)
sheep(羊) fish(魚)
中國的計量單位:li(里), yuan(元), mu(畝)等
實例:
Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results. (每個方法都試過了,但結果不令人滿意。)
4、形式上是復數的學科名稱,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作單數看待;時間、距離、鈔票、重量等復數,可以看作一個整體作單數處理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task. (要我完成此項任務兩天是不夠的。)
5、名詞做另一名詞的修飾語:
一般用單數形式,如:a college student中的college 為單數形式。
注意:
(1) 以下名詞做另一名詞修飾語時要用復數形式:sport → a sportsman (運動員)/ sale → a sales department(銷售部) / savings → a savings account (儲蓄存款)/ communication → a communications satellite (通訊衛星) / greeting → a greetings cable(慰問電)
(2) 不規則名詞修飾另一名詞時數的變化:a woman doctor (一個女醫生) → two women doctors (兩個女醫生) / the Chinese women's volleyball team (中國女排) / a children hospital (兒童醫院)
6、family(家庭), group(小組), police(警察),committee(委員會), team(組), box(盒), audience(觀眾)等詞,可以是單數,也可以是復數,關鍵要看題目所給的提示,例如:
The whole box of matches _____ wet; I couldn't light a simple one
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
解題思路:這道題如果沒有后半句I couldn't light a simple one,是沒辦法解答的。這句話提示了兩點:
(1)時態為"過去時",故B、D已不可能了;
(2)"a simple one"說明是指盒子內的一根根火柴,故答案為C.試想,如果我們把后半句改為 "I had to throw it away", 那么正確答案應是A.
所以,看清題目的提示對于解題是非常重要的。
7、注意以下表達方式中名詞的復數形式
to be / make friends with(友好 / 交朋友)
to change places with (交換位置)
to make preparations for(為…作準備)
to give regards to(向…問好)
to make matters worse(把事情弄糟)
to hurt feelings(傷害感情)
to be all smiles(滿臉堆笑)
to take sides (偏袒某方)
to have words with(吵架)
to burst into tears (突然哭了)
8、量詞的使用:
由于英語中名詞分可數與不可數,量詞的使用也有區別:
修飾可數名詞
(a) few / fewer / fewest
many / more / most
a great (good) many
many a
a number of
the number of
既可修飾可數名詞 也可修飾不可數名詞
a lot of / lots of
plenty of (time, money, people)
修飾不可數名詞
(a) little / less / least
much / more / most
a great (good) deal of
an amount of / amounts of
the amount of
量詞使用中應注意的幾個問題:
1) 分清可數名詞和不可數名詞是前提;
2) 不要把量詞的形式搞混淆了:下面哪個表達形式是對的?
A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.
B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.
C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.
D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
以上六個表達方式中只有F 是對的。為什么?
A. a lot students → a lot of students
B. a few of the students → a few students
C. a great many of students → a great many students
D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of 表示數目,如:The number of the students in our class is 50.
A number of 表示"一些","不少",認真對比一下,看出問題來了嗎?
問多少錢、多少重量時用:How much…?問距離時用:How far is it from…to…?
9、單位詞的使用
(1) 不可數名詞表示多少,一般用much, (a) little, a lot of, enough 等詞表達,要數1,2,3,4…時要用"量詞"表達,最常用的是a piece of (news, advice, furniture, information…)。
(2) 成雙成對的名詞一般用復數,如:a pair of trousers (褲子) / scissors(剪刀) / glasses (spectacles)(眼鏡) / pliers(鉗子)
(3) a couple of表示一對,或2-3…,如:a couple of days / people / things
(4) 記住以下量詞表達方式:
a loaf (two loafs) of bread (一個(兩個)面包)
a burst of laughter(一陣笑聲)
a fit of anger / chill(一陣發怒 / 發冷)
a game of chess (一盤棋)
a lump of sugar (一塊方糖)
10、其他應注意的數的表達形式
1)a three-year-old boy 比較The boy is three years old
2) five thousand people / several thousand people比較 thousands of people
表達具體數字時,thousand不加 "s",后面不加 "of "; ten, million, billion情況以此類推。
3) One-third of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.
Two-thirds of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.
One-third of the population in this area is living below the poverty line.
(這個地區有1/3人口生活在貧困線以下。)
注意:幾分之幾的表達形式;動詞的單復數由后面的名詞數決定。
4) a looker-on 比較two lookers-on(旁觀者) / a brother-in-law比較two brothers-in-law(姻親兄弟)
5) my father, together with (along with / with / as well as my mother and brothers) 結構中,主語作單數處理,即my father
11、不定代詞的數
英語中要對 "2 "這個數特別敏感:
1) 兩個中一個、另一個: one , the other; 三個或三個以上中另一個:another / any one
2) 兩個都:both; 兩個都不:neither; 兩個中任一個:either
3) 三個或三個以上都:all; 都不:none
4) 不知總數:一些:some ;另一些:others(有余數)
5) 知道總數:一些:some ; 另一些 (沒有余數了):the others
注意以下表達方式:each other / one another / one after another / one by one / the other day (過去的某一天)/ some day (今后的某一天) / every other day (隔天)/ on alternative days(隔天)/ someone else (別人) / something (anything, nothing) else (別的事)
實例:
I'm sorry, I'm a stranger, too. You may ask ______ across the street.
A. another one
B. others
C. the other one
D. someone else
解題思路:雖然A、B、C沒有語法錯誤,但D是習慣表達方式。
編輯推薦:
更多關注:職稱英語教材 職稱英語零基礎通關 2015年職稱英語報考條件
(責任編輯:vstara)