一、總述

英語句子中的倒裝(inversion )分為部分倒裝(partial inversion )和全部倒裝(full inversion)。所謂部分倒裝是指將句子謂語部分的助動詞或情態助動詞置于主語之前，全部倒裝是指將整個謂語動詞置于主語之前。倒裝語序常出現在下列情況中：

1. 為避免句子部分內容重復，英語中常用倒裝句，即：so (neither, nor) + be 動詞(助動詞，情態動詞)+ 主語。例如：

My father is an engineer; so is my husband.

Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Morris.

注意：如表示贊同別人的陳述，so 后面的部分不倒裝。例如：

“Jim is a good-swimmer.” “So he is, and so is Dick.”

2. 具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時，句子一般部分倒裝，即將be 動詞、助動詞或情態動詞提到主語前。這類詞或短語包括：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(than), hardly… (when), not only… (but also) 等。例如：

Never has my brother been abroad before.

Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.

No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.

二、重要考點

1. 如果句首的否定詞修飾主語，是主語的一部分，則句子不用倒裝。例如：Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

2. as 或though 引導的讓步狀語從句常用倒裝。一般將一些形容詞、副詞等置于句首。例如：

Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.

Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.

3. 當so、often 、only 等表示程度或頻率的副詞置于句首時，句子一般倒裝。這樣的結構起一個強調作用，與正常語序的區別只是程度的不同。例如：

So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.

(The destruction was so great that the south took decades to recovery.)

Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.

Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

4. 當there 、here、then 、now 等副詞置于句首，且謂語動詞為come 、go、be 等詞時，句子一般全部倒裝，此類倒裝句旨在引起別人注意。但如果主語是代詞，句子則不倒裝。例如：

Look! Here comes the taxi.

Here are some letters for you to type.

5. 當out 、in、away、up、bang 等方位或擬聲詞置于句首時，句子一般全部倒裝。此類倒裝句比正常語序的句子更生動、形象。但如主語是代詞，句子則不倒裝。例如：

Away flew the bird.

Bang goes my ace.

Away she went.

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