主謂一致關系

英語中，主語和謂語在數、性和格上應該保持一致，但在實際應用中很容易被忽視，尤其是主語和謂語之間出現插入語，故考試中經常考到主謂一致。除了以上特殊名詞謂語有特殊要求外，現將主謂一致的考點歸納如下：

(1) 復數原則：兩個或者兩個以上的名詞由and連接做主語時;主語由both ...

and ... 連接時，謂語動詞用復數。

Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. 棒球和游泳通常都是夏季的運動項目。

Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那個雜貨店既賣面包，也賣黃油。

(2) 就近原則： 由 either ... or ...;neither ... nor ...;not only...but also...;...or ...;there be ...等引導的主語，謂語動詞的單復數取決于最靠近動詞的名詞的單復數。

Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party. 受邀參加晚會的不僅有學生而且有教師。

(3) 就遠原則：主語，+ as well as + 另一個主語，謂語動詞的單復數取決于第一個主語的名詞的單復數。

My mother，as well as my two brothers，has a key to the office.

我母親，還有我的兩個哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。

適用于同樣規定的其他結構：

with...;together with...;along with...;including...;in addition to...;besides...;except...;as much as...;accompanied by ...;rather than...等。

(4) 表示時間、距離、價值、量度的復數名詞做主語時謂語動詞用單數。

One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. 對于窮人來說，100美元是個不小的數目。

Twenty days has passed since I met her last time. 自從我上次見到她到現在已經過去二十天。( twenty days 這里不做整體看待，故謂語動詞用復數)

(5) and連接兩個名詞表示一個概念做主語時，謂語用單數;若表示的是多個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數。

War and peace is a constant theme in literature. 戰爭與和平是文學中永恒的主題。(War and peace是一對概念，看做一個主題)

同例：ham and eggs火腿蛋 steam and bread饅頭

law and order法制 bread and butter面包黃油

apple pie and ice cream蘋果派冰激凌 folk and knife刀叉

wheel and axle 輪軸 needle and thread針線

love and hate愛與恨 egg and rice 蛋炒飯

The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指同一個人)

The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指兩個人)

A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.(指兩只狗)

A black and white dog is playing in the yard.( 指一只狗)

(6) 動詞不定式、動名詞、名詞性從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，wealthy and wise.(指“早睡早起”一件事)

To work hard is necessary 努力工作是很必要的。

What I said and did is of no concern to you. 我所說的和所做的與你無關。

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