成人英語三級考試詞匯與語法考前輔導
時態講解:
一般人對英語里基本時態的意義和用法都沒有什么問題,但是未必每個人都對某些尋常時態的特殊用法有足夠的體會。
請看下面這三種情形:
Ⅰ 現在簡單時態
⒈現在簡單時態可以用來表示未來的動作或活動,但這活動必須事先已有計劃,如:
● The plane to Hawaii leaves at 10 tonight.
● The British Prime Minister arrives at 8 tomorrow morning.
這樣的不尋常時態里的動詞通常只限于“來”和“往”之類的活動,不是任何動詞都適用。
⒉現在簡單時態也可用來取代時間副詞分句(adverb clauses of time)或條件副詞分句(adverb clauses of condition)中的現在未來時態,如:
● Let's wait until all the guests come.
● If it rains tomorrow, we can't go fishing.
理論上可以說“until all the guests will come”和“if it will rain tomorrow”,但實際句子里,并不如此。
⒊現在簡單時態有時可以用來代替現在過去時態,使所敘述的事物更現實、更靈活,如:
● Alexander Pope says, “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”
● The Chinese proverb has it, “God helps those who help themselves.”
只有在特殊情況下,才用這種時態;否則,過去的事, 只好用過去時態,比較妥當。
Ⅱ 現在進行時態
⒈現在進行時態可以用來表示未來的節目或已策劃的活動,如:
● They are going downtown this afternoon.
● I am seeing an old friend tonight.
⒉現在進行時態,也和副詞“always, continually, constantly”等連用以表示不斷重復的舉動,言下有不勝其煩之感,如:
● Janet is always complaining.www.yingyusanji.com
● Why are you continually finding fault with our new system?
● Strange! The weather here is constantly changing.
Ⅲ 過去簡單時態
⒈過去簡單時態可用來表示目前不易實現的假設或愿望,如:
● lf I were you, I would join that activity.
● I wish I had better luck next time.
⒉過去簡單時態也可以用來代替現在簡單時態,以表示禮貌,如:
● Could you tell me how to go to the library?
● I would appreciate it if you could help me.
● Would you mind lending me your pen for a while?
上述尋常時態的不尋常用法,如果用得恰當,肯定可以增添英語的靈活性。
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