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英語六級聽力短文聽寫解題原則

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英語六級聽力短文聽寫解題原則

  關于六級短文聽力
  1、 結構:三篇文章,要求考生在四個選項中選出最符合原文的答案。每題1分,共10分(占710分中的10%)。
  2、難度:難度年年上升,考生失分的重災區。短文部分由三篇文章構成,內容題材極為廣泛,不僅考察學生的理解能力,而且還有對信息的短期記憶能力和思維能力。
  3、基本規則:視聽基本一致原則(根本原則);
  順序出題原則(即題目順序和文章內容的進展是對應的);
  首尾句原則(即首句和尾句處容易出題);
  同義替換原則(選項的單詞和短語是原文中的同義或近義)
  重點詞匯考點原則 (轉折關系詞匯、因果關系詞匯、最高級詞匯、情態動詞
  等詞匯的后方信息更容易成為答案)
  例題分析:2007年12月第一篇短文聽力(聽力音頻請見網站音頻鏈接)
  26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
  B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.
  C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
  D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
  27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
  B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
  C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
  D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
  28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
  B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.
  C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
  D)Traveling by train may be as quick as,or even quicker than by air.
  29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.
  B)In 1989. D)In 2000.
  In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. (第26題考點。注意train network在選項中反映)If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.(第27題考點,注意half在選項中的反映) Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, they’ll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They won’t go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.(第28題考點。說明短途的火車的優勢大于短途的飛機。請注意此處strike的含義為“罷工”) Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981(第29題考點。), the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways’ plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.
  26. What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
  27. What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
  28. Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
  29. When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
  Keys:DCDA
  分析:
  這是一篇標準的六級短文聽力,詞匯、主題、深度都要比四級高,但是破題方法卻如出一轍。
  第26題:
  本題是首題,所以當然對應原文的首句。除了視聽一致的使用外,原文中的high speed pan-European train network(泛歐洲高速火車網)被選項替換成了express train network throughout Europe(遍布歐洲的特快列車網絡)。這是同義替換原則的使用。Express在其他聽力題目中還有快遞的含義,請注意。
  第28題:來源:www.examda.com
  本題目考察的是考生真正的聽力理解能力。原文:“If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.”(如果你計算航班飛行時間、辦理登機手續時間、往返機場時間,你會發現和坐火車比沒有任何區別。如果因為天氣、空中航班過多或罷工而導致飛機遲到,火車乘客會首先到達目的地。)這個長難句的意思就是說明:短途來講,火車更有優勢,更快。而選項考的就是這個分析能力。
  第29題:來源:考
  首先,請注意序數詞系列,諸如“first、last、finally”等,向來都是聽力考試中的關鍵詞匯。它們體現的是事實的順序,屬于一種強調的用法。全文的年代詞匯只有:1989、2020和1981,又由于這已經是最后一道題目了,所以綜合使用順序出題原則,當然對應最后出現的1981年。
關于六級復合式聽寫
  六級聽寫概況:
  聽寫共考十一題。八個單詞和三個句子。每個單詞得分為0.5%,每個句子得分2%。聽寫一共播讀三遍,其中第二遍時,每個句子讀完,會出現一分鐘的停頓。
  六級聽寫能力概述:
  聽寫,顧名思義,既聽又寫,它滲透在各種形式的語言活動中,是最常用到的基本功之一。聽寫測試要求考生把聽到的內容準確無誤地以筆頭的形式表達出來,雖無需考生自己遣詞造句,但由于牽涉到語言(聽力﹑單詞拼寫﹑篇章結構等)與非語言能力(如記憶力﹑速記等)提高聽寫能力,關鍵就是加強各種相關知識和技能的訓練。
  1. 語言知識方面:
  首先,必須提高聽力水平,熟悉英、美國家人士的說話發音的不同方式,語音語調;其次對于大綱中所列單詞和短語,不僅要認知,而且會熟練拼寫;這一點相當重要,很多同學在正式考試當中聽出來了單詞并準確定位出來意思,但是由于拼寫不過關導致遺憾丟分。另外,即便拼寫正確,又因為單復數、時態和大小寫而丟分也很多見。
  2. 非語言能力方面:
  在做聽寫填空的時候,我們應當有意識的加強我們的記憶和速記能力。有時候,同學們會發現:聽的內容都懂了,但由于記憶的問題或時間的問題沒寫下來,這是因為短時記憶力(short term memory)不夠。因此在平時的訓練中,應當有意識地不是以單個的詞而是以意群為單位進行理解和記憶。第一遍先試圖聽明白注意意思,第二遍寫出重點單詞或者句子,第三遍完成整個練習。在短暫的停頓空間,如果時間來不及,可以選用自己熟悉的縮寫形式或符號記錄,等以后有時間時再復原。這種速記能力也要靠平時的多練,才能獲得。

  六級聽寫的步驟:
  1.通過卷面文字捕捉信息,找出線索、了解大意
  “復合式聽寫”材料多為說明文(Exposition), 這一體裁的文章主題突出,條理分明,層次清楚、語言簡潔、邏輯性強。文章的開頭或段首多半有主題句(topic sentence),之后的段、句進一步具體擴展、說明或論證主題句。仔細看題之后,經常能夠發現空缺處的詞匯能夠通過邏輯能力被猜出具體內容,至少也可以知道詞性。
  2,聽寫結合,雙管齊下
  根據“復合式聽寫”新題型通知說明,第一遍是全文朗讀,要求考生注意聽懂全文內容。由 于聽音前考生已測覽了卷面文字,對聽力材料有了大致的了解,因此聽讀第一遍時,考生可 以適當地填寫些單詞和做些筆記,聽為主,記為輔。第二遍時使出全力。最后一遍自習彌補。在寫句子時,不要慌張,可以在每一遍時把句子的不同部分寫出,采取各個擊破的策略。
  3.提高記錄的效率
  首先,可使用縮略語。例如usually在記錄時只寫usu。Country 記錄為ctr等。其次,重點把握名詞和動詞,修飾成分(形容詞和副詞)沒有寫出,一般扣分不多。
  4.書面表達內容要點
  要點盡可能用完整的簡單句表達,不宜用短語,句式也不宜過于復雜。盡量省去語句中可有可無的修飾成份。總而言之,考生應用有限的詞語簡潔明了地概括出所聽內容的全部要點,使內容要點和語言表達達到有機的完美統一。
  5.檢查、核對內容要點
  完成后,一定勿忘檢查:單復數、時態、大小寫以及標點符號。
  例題分析:聽力請見網站鏈接
  President Clinton later today joins (S1) presidents Ford, Garter and Bush at“the president's summit for America's future”(S2) at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school, weekend and summer reading help for up to three million children. Mr. Clinton will ask Congress this coming week for nearly three (S3) dollars to fund a five-year program called “America Reads”.The program would fund the (S4) efforts of 20 thousand reading (S5) and it would also give (S6) to help parents help children read by the third grade, or about age eight. During his Saturday radio (S7) , the president explained why the program is important:“We need ‘America Reads’ and we need it now. Studies show that if the fourth-graders fail to read well.
  (S8)
  But 40 percent of them still can't read at a basic level.”
  Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring programs.
  (S9)
  The president says many of the Philadelphia summit's corporate sponsors will recruit tutors.
  (S10)
  解析:
  第一個空格里面,通過快速掃描第一句話,發現有美國總統克林頓Clinton,又有美國總統福特,卡特,布什(Ford, Garter and Bush),那么后者跟前者相比較,同學們一定可以感覺到后者為前總統,因此第一個空格應填入former或類似含義的單詞。第二個空格我們看到后面有一個介詞,于是能發現應當在里面填一個動詞,此時就需要注意時態,單復數的問題。空格三明顯是一個量詞,第四個空格不好預測,第五個可以估計出來應填名詞,此時應注意名詞單復數的問題,第六同上,第七個空格技巧性較強,需要背景知識,同學們可以想想,美國總統一般去電臺(during his radio______)干什么?此時蹦入腦海的一定是“電臺演講,演說”,于是應當是“lecture, presentation, address”等詞匯。后面的長難句由于過長,很難提前預測判斷,但是在短短的幾十秒鐘的時間里面, 能預測出來這么多的信息,對得分會有很大幫助。
  參考答案:
  S1 former
  S2 aimed
  S3 billion
  S4 coordination來源:考
  S5 specialists
  S6 grants
  S7 address
  S8. They're likely to drop out of school and less likely to succeed in life.
  S9. The program, initiated by President Clinton,(initiated含義為“首次提出”,此處的插入成分難度很大,如果完全聽不懂,就建議在考試時放棄。) has come under criticism by Congress.(本句中,國會“Congress”需要大寫)
  S10. Dozens of(這個短語用 “many”替代也可以) colleges and universities are prepared to send thousands of their students in support of the program(寫成to support 更加簡單)

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