第三篇 Shark Attack!

Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.

In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark’s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.

Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. “They spit us out because we’re too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

41 After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_________.

A bit his surfboard

B bit his fingers

C swam away

D attacked him

42 It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_________.

A. often let humans escape

B kill humans

C have so many teeth

D grow to six meters or more

43 Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?

A create

B are

C increase

D depend upon

44 The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_________.

A people’s

B great whites’

C sea lions’

D seals’

45 What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

A Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.

B Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.

C We now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.

D There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.

參考答案：

31 C 短文第一段第四句、第五句提供了答案。

32 A 文章第一段從第三句開始說，科學家正在研制一艘可將研究人員帶到6500米深處的潛水裝置，而它將代替Alvin，因為Alvin只能潛到4500米深處，A不是事實，所以是正確選項。

33 C 本文將討論探索海底世界的潛水裝置，所以說“充滿神秘色彩的世界”指的就是海洋。

34 D 第三段前三個句子告訴我們，HOV和Alvin在體積和容量上相似，所以D是正確選項。

35 D 第三段最后兩句告訴我們，Alvin只有三個窗戶，而HOV有五個。最后一段告訴我們，兩艘潛水裝置的上下活動速度和行進速度有所差別，所以D是正確選項。

36 C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范圍內，每年發生120萬起交通事故，加上5000萬起傷殘事故，因此，正在進行的許多研究的重點是安全問題和新燃料問題，盡管一些電動車和生物燃料的研究旨在達到更快的速度，所以，C項是正確選擇。

37 B 第二段最后一句說，大多數汽車撞車事故是人為原因造成的，而不是機械故障的原因所以C項是錯誤的，A和D中的fall asleep 和speeding是人為原因，但只是部分人為因素，不能概全。

38 D 文章中沒有提到windscreens(汽車擋風玻璃)，所以D是正確選項。

39 C 根據第六段內容，使用衛星跟蹤和遙控通信方面的革新，其目的是防盜（A和D）和發生事故時求援，（B）。C的內容在文中沒有被提到，所以是C正確選項。

40 A 文章最后一段說，為機器人司機編制程序后，他們就能使交通變得通暢，也許今后某一天，大家都擁有機器人司機，但是，這一天的到來還有待時日。A句說，要實際使用機器人司機還需時日，這顯然是與末端最后一句話表達的意思相吻合。

41 C選項A和B發生在Craig落水之前，故排除。從第二段第三行可以得到如下信息：當Craig落入水中，手指上的鮮血在水中散開之時，這條五米長的鯊魚卻自己游走了，因此排除D。

42 A第三段整段就是在說鯊魚雖然可以輕松殺死人類，但是它們卻很少殺人。第三段最后兩行甚至提到連鯊魚研究者們都在盡力尋找人類屢屢能鯊口逃生的原因，這就說明A是正確選項。

43 B本題要求讀者根據上下文的語境猜測第四段第二行斜體標出的詞組make up 的意思。通過常識我們可以猜出：海豹和海獅應該是鯊魚的主要食物來源，因此只有B選項在意思上make up 最為接近。在本文中，詞組make up 的意思為：組成，構成。

44 B本題要求讀者根據上下文的語境猜測第四段第二行斜體標出的單詞their的意思。結合第四段前兩行的內容，我們可以很容易推測出，在這里their 指代的是 the great whites，因此答案為B。

45 C本題要求讀者總結出第四段的主要內容，第四段主要介紹的是：人們起初以大白鯊視力不好為由來解釋為何人類屢屢鯊口脫險，但最近的信息表明大白鯊的視力并不差，不會把人類誤認為海獅或海豹。大白鯊不吃人是由于它們覺得人類太瘦，沒有海獅或海豹的肉那么肥。

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