第 4 部分：閱讀理解(第 31-45 題，每題3 分，共 4 5 分)

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第一篇 US.Eats Too Much Salt

People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday.

They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 m g per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 m g per day.

“It’s important for people to eat less salt. People w h o adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium ( 鈉) and rich in potassium ( 鉀 )and calcium ( 令 丐 ) can improve their blood pressure,” Dr.Darwin L abarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.

“People need to k n o w their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake."Labarthe said.

The study in CDC ’s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 m g of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40, which are considered high-risk groups.

Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 m g of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006CDC estimate.

Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and H u m a n Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.

Nationwide, 16 million m e n and w o m e n have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke.Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.

31. T o o m u c h salt raises o n e ’s risk for______.

A. strokes

B. heart attacks

C. high blood pressure

D. all of the above

32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is______.

A. closer to 3,500 m g per day

B. as m u c h as 3,436 m g per day

C. no more than 1,500 m g per day

D. less than 3,500 m g per day

33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains______ .

A. a low level of sodium

B. a lot of potassium and calcium

C. no salt at all

D. both A and B

34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups,______.

A. for they are inactive

B. for they are black or over the age of 40

C. for they frequently eat out

D. for they consume sodium every day

35. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to b e _____ .

A. good in taste

B. low in price

C. poor in nutrition

D. high in salt

第二篇 Young Smokers

It has been shown that children w h o smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they m o v e up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious. M a n y of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.

There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood,social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.

It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent m y schooldays.

There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools.Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.

36. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on

A. the consequence of smoking a m o n g children.

B. the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.

C. the causes of smoking a m o n g children.

D. the solution to ban smoking a m o n g children.

37. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?

A. Disobedience.

B. Laziness.

C. Abstinence.

D. Vanity.

38. Which of the following is N O T true according to the passage?

A. S o m e children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.

B. M a n y children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.

C. In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should set examples.

D. It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking.

39. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking

A. should be introduced, for it really works at the school.

B. should not be introduced, for it m a y cause disturbance.

C. should be introduced though it m a y not work effectively.

D. needn 't be introduced as long as teachers don ' t smoke.

40. The author ' s attitude towards his writing is

A. Objective.

B. Emotional.

C. Critical.

D. Indifferent.

第三篇 Hope

Holding on to hope may not m a k e patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.

“H o p e is an important part of happiness,” said Peter A Ubel M. D, director of the U - M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, “but there’s a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the w a y of happiness.”

The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be short-term. Ubel and his co-authors both from U - M and Carnegie Mellon University studied patients w h o had n e w colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.

At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group, the one without hope, reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.

“We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, ” says Ubel, w h o is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.

“The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed,” he added. “They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn’t m a k e the best of their current situation.”

“Hopeful messages m a y not be in the best interests of the patient and m a y interfere with the patient ’s emotional adaptation,” Ubel says. “I d o n ’t think w e should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people’s hope so m u c h that they put off living their lives."

41. Chronically ill patients may be happier______.

A. if they keep thinking of their past

B. if they believe they’11 recover

C. if they put off moving on

D. if they m anage to get on with their life

42. W h a t had happened to the patients under study?

A. They had just survived an accident.

B. They had just had an operation.

C. They had just injured their colons.

D. They had just m a d e some pouches.

43. O n e group of the patients was happier because______ .

A. they m a d e the best of their current situation

B. they were good at playing function

C. they regarded normal bowel function

D. they were promised another operation

44. The other group was not as happy because______.

A. they accepted their current situation

B. they were anxious to get better

C. they missed their previous life

D. they refused to play cards

45. W h a t could be the message of the passage?

A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.

B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.

C. Hope is what makes people move on.

D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.

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