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第四部分 閱讀理解 a(2)

+第三十七篇   hypertension drugs found to cut risk of stroke
p 1  australian doctors declared monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third. this is the result of their research. the research, presented at a medical conference in italy over the weekend, has been valued highly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention.

p2    strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs, slurred speech and other serous disabilities. one in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first.

p3  an international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from sydney university found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 per cent. even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said. the drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ace inhibitor perindopril, better known by its brand name coversy. the combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure, the researchers said. they even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-10 patients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, the worst type of stoke, where there is direct bleeding into the brain.
p4  stephen mcmahon, who presented the research at the milan congress of the european society of hypertension, said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke. “if most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment, it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,” the professor told australia's abc radio.

p5   mcmahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hypertension could help prevent strokes. “what we have shown for the first time is that it does not really matter what your blood pressure is; if you have had a stroke, the lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits, to begin with—even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average,” he said.
p6  mcmahon said the milan gathering had heralded the research as a “major breakthrough in the care of patients with strokes—perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades. ”

練習:

1. how many people surviving the first stroke may suffer another attack during the following five years?
a.  more than 33% of them.

b.  up to 40% of them
c.  20% of them.

d.  10% of them.

解析:四個選項都出現了數字，鎖定文章中出現數字的地方在第二段第二句，說到中風以后存活的病人，五人中有一人在第一次中風后五年內會再次中風．而且常常是致命的，故c項20％為正確答案。

2    strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs, slurred speech and other serous disabilities. ¹one in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first.

2. taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs may produce _____less risk of secondary strokes than taking only one such drug.
a.  three quarters

b.  nearly four tenths
c.  one fifth

d.  about one fourteenth

解析：用題干中的關鍵詞taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs鎖定核心句在第三段，但是四個選項里沒有出現原文中的數字40％和1／3。再看題干中有less…than的比較， 說明答案計算。服用兩種降壓藥繼發中風的危險性可減少到40％；單服一種藥，其危險性則為1／3(33%)。可見服用兩種藥l比服一種藥可減少大約7％，即大約l／14的危險性。（解題時需要把不同的表達方式統一成一種再進行比較）

3  an international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from sydney university found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 per cent. even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third,

3. which of the following is not a symptom left by strokes?
a.  habitual sleeplessness.
b.  losing the function of one more extremities.
c.  speaking unclearly.
d.  serious disabilities such as facial paralysis.

解析：第二段第一句說非致命的中風常造成病人四肢殘廢、有語言障礙以及其他嚴重殘疾。b、c、d就是這個意思(d項的面部麻痹自然屬于嚴重殘疾之一)，而a項“習慣性失眠”則不應屬于中風的后遺癥，故是正確答案。

2    strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with^3buseless limbs, ^3cslurred speech and other serous^3d disabilities. one in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first.

4. how many strokes may be reduced in a year if most of stroke patients can be treated in the way as the article recommends?
a.  5,000,000

b.  500,000
c.  50,000,000

d.  15,000,000

解析:四個選項都出現了數字，鎖定文章中出現數字的地方，四個選項都有（非常有迷惑性）第四段第二句說到如果大多數病人有機會進行這樣治療的話，每年就可以避免50萬次中風的發生，故b為正確答案。

4  stephen mcmahon, who presented the research at the milan congress of the european society of hypertension, said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke. “if most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment, it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,” the professor told australia's abc radio.

5. what patients among those who have had a stroke will benefit greatly from taking blood pressure-lowering drugs?
a.  those whose blood pressure is high.
b.  those whose blood pressure is average.
c.  those whose blood pressure is below average.
d.  all of the above.

解析：根據答題技巧只要選項中有all of the above.答案就是這個選項，文章中的證據在最后一段，說血壓高低并不重要，只要你得過中風，降低血壓就有很大益處，即使血壓正常或低于正常也是如此，故d為正確答案。

綜述：本篇文章的特點是數字信息的辨析